It then presents the conceptual design of a model payload, required to perform these space plasma measurements and observations. This paper examines the opportunities provided by externally mounted payloads on the Gateway in the field of space plasma physics, heliophysics and space weather, and also examines the impact of the space environment on an inhabited platform in the vicinity of the Moon. Moreover, the lunar surface and the surface-bounded exosphere are interacting with this environment, constituting a complex multi-scale interacting system. The Moon is a unique location to study the deep space plasma environment. It will offer new opportunities for fundamental and applied scientific research. The Lunar Orbital Platform - Gateway (LOP - Gateway, or simply Gateway) is a crewed platform that will be assembled and operated in the vicinity of the Moon by NASA and international partner organizations, including ESA, starting from the mid-2020s. 20ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab, Toulouse, France.19Artenum, Ramonville Saint-Agne, France.18Astronomical Institute, CAS, Prague, Czechia.17Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Goettingen, Germany.14Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria.12Institute of Atmospheric Physics, CAS, Prague, Czechia.11Institute of Space Science, Măgurele, Romania.10Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.9Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology, INAF, Rome, Italy.8TU-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.7LATMOS (Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales), IPSL, Paris, France.6Mullard Space Science Laboratory, UCL, Dorking, United Kingdom. 5RAL Space, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.4Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden.3Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium.1Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, Toulouse, France.Hess 20 Jean-Charles Mateo-Vélez 20 James Carpenter 2 Josef Winter 2 Bamford 5 Graziella Branduardi-Raymont 6 Jean-Yves Chaufray 7 Dragos Constantinescu 8 Elisabetta De Angelis 9 Pierre Devoto 1 Jonathan Eastwood 10 Marius Echim 3,11 Philippe Garnier 1 Benjamin Grison 12 David Hercik 13 Helmut Lammer 14 André Laurens 15 François Leblanc 7 Anna Milillo 9 Rumi Nakamura 14 Lubomír Přech 16 Elias Roussos 17 Štěpán Štverák 18,12 Julien Forest 19 Arnaud Trouche 19 Sébastien L. Taylor 2 Johan De Keyser 3 Yoshifumi Futaana 4 Ruth A.
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